Permanent perineal urethrostomy (PPU) may be performed in horses with severe preputial or penile trauma. in which surgical repair of extensive urethral damage is too complex or even impossible. We hypothesized that a modified PPU approach would abolish the use of postoperative indwelling urinary catheters (PIUC) and that the complication rate would be low. Therefore. https://www.thegreensjunglebeautyshops.shop/product-category/face-massage-tool/