Intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) have attracted much attention due to their contributions to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in ambient air. Determination of total IVOCs in ambient air is therefore important for assessing their roles in air pollution. Currently. concentrations of IVOCs are estimated using a previously published semi-quantitative method. https://safeersappliancers.shop/product-category/hotpoint-class-4-du4541jcix-electric-built-under-double-oven-stainless-steel/